// A Demo Class example - written by Lee Devlin 2011-03-01
// This example shows the concepts of default and specific value constructors,
// Passing objects by reference and value
// The (->) pointer notation to access class members
// Declaring a member function outside of its class statement
// Example of a destructor which will be executed automatically when 
// there are no references to a DemoClass object such as when the echo 
// method (which has a DemoObject called by value) returns.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class DemoClass 
{
	private:
	char *name;
	int value;
	public:
	DemoClass()  // default  constructor
	{	
		name = "default"; 
		value = 5;
		cout << name << ".DemoClass("	<< name << ", " << value << ")\n";
	}
	DemoClass(char *n, int v)  // specific value constructor
	{
		cout << " " << n << ".DemoClass("	<< n << ", " << v << ")\n";
		name = n; 
		value = v;
	}
	~DemoClass() // destructor
	{
		cout << " " << name << ".~DemoClass() destructor is being executed \n";
	}
	void echo(DemoClass e);
	void setValue(int v) 
	{
		cout << " " << name << ".setValue(" << v << ")\n";
		value = v;
	}
	int getValue() 
	{
		cout << " " << name << ".getValue()\n";
		return value;
	}
	int copy(DemoClass &sc) 
	{
		cout << " " << name << ".copy(" << sc.name << ")\n";
		value = sc.value;
	}

};

void DemoClass::echo(DemoClass e)  // scope resolution operatore (::) is needed because we are outside of the class
	{
		cout << " echo name is " << e.name << " value is " << e.value << endl;
	
	}
int main() 
{
	DemoClass w("w", 100); // next three objects are instantiated with specific values
	DemoClass x("x", 12);
	DemoClass y("y", 14);
	DemoClass n;  // this object is set up with the default constructor
	cout << w.getValue() << endl;
	cout << n.getValue() << endl;
	
	
	DemoClass* z;  // declare a pointer to a class instance


	z = &y; // assign pointer to instance y
	
	cout << "z->getValue is " << z->getValue() << endl; // example of -> pointer notation
	x.copy(y);
	cout << x.getValue() << endl;
	y.setValue(10);
	cout << y.getValue() << endl;
	y.echo(y);


	system("pause");
}